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first-order density matrix

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  • Matrix (mathematics) — Specific elements of a matrix are often denoted by a variable with two subscripts. For instance, a2,1 represents the element at the second row and first column of a matrix A. In mathematics, a matrix (plural matrices, or less commonly matrixes)… …   Wikipedia

  • Diagonalizable matrix — In linear algebra, a square matrix A is called diagonalizable if it is similar to a diagonal matrix, i.e., if there exists an invertible matrix P such that P −1AP is a diagonal matrix. If V is a finite dimensional vector space, then a linear …   Wikipedia

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  • Random matrix — In probability theory and mathematical physics, a random matrix is a matrix valued random variable. Many important properties of physical systems can be represented mathematically as matrix problems. For example, the thermal conductivity of a… …   Wikipedia

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  • Sparse matrix — A sparse matrix obtained when solving a finite element problem in two dimensions. The non zero elements are shown in black. In the subfield of numerical analysis, a sparse matrix is a matrix populated primarily with zeros (Stoer Bulirsch 2002,… …   Wikipedia

  • solids, mechanics of — ▪ physics Introduction       science concerned with the stressing (stress), deformation (deformation and flow), and failure of solid materials and structures.       What, then, is a solid? Any material, fluid or solid, can support normal forces.… …   Universalium

  • Normal distribution — This article is about the univariate normal distribution. For normally distributed vectors, see Multivariate normal distribution. Probability density function The red line is the standard normal distribution Cumulative distribution function …   Wikipedia

  • Dirac equation — Quantum field theory (Feynman diagram) …   Wikipedia

  • Maximum likelihood — In statistics, maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) is a method of estimating the parameters of a statistical model. When applied to a data set and given a statistical model, maximum likelihood estimation provides estimates for the model s… …   Wikipedia

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